char a = 'a';
char b = '@';
char letterN = '\u004E';   // The letter N
char c = (char) 70000;     // casting is required because 7000 is out of range
char d = 70000;            // ERROR: casting rquired

int[] array1;   // Square brackets before variable name (recommended)
int key [];     //  Square brackets after variable name

Thread[] threads;   // Recommended
Thread threads [];  // Legal but less readable

String [][][] occupantName;   // 3 dimensional array
String [][] managerName       // 2 dimensional array

int[5] array1;   // ERROR: You cannot include the size of an array, the compiler will complain

int[] array1;          // Declare the array of ints
array1 = new init[4];   // constructs an array and assigns the variable name array1

Note: the array will now be on the heap with each element set to 0 (default)

# Declare an array in one statement
int[] array1 = new int[14];

# Will not compile
int[] array1 = new int[];   // ERROR: missing array size

# Multidimension arrays
int[][] ratings = new int[3][];   // only first brackets are given a size which is acceptable

# Setting values for sepcific elements within the array
animals[0] = new Animal();    // Object type
x[4] = 2;                     // primitive type

# Initializing a multidimensional array
array[0] = new init[4];     // Specify that element 0 holds an array of 4 int elements
array[1] = new init[6];     // Specify that element 1 holds an array of 6 int elements

array[0][0] = 5;
array[0][1] = 6;

# 4 element array of type int
int[] dots = {3,6,9,12};

# Multidimensional array
int[][] scores = { {3,4,5}, {9,2}, {3,4,5} };

# Object array
String[] names = {new String("Paul"), new String("Lorraine")};

# A second short cut is called an anonymous array, below creates a 3 element array of type int.
int[] testScores;
testScores = new int[] {4,7,2};

public class Array1 {

   public static void main(String[] args) {

      // array declaration and initialization
      int[] counter;
      counter = new int[3];

      // declaration and initialization in one statement
      String[] names = { "Paul", "Lorraine", "Dominic", "Jessica" };

      // add some data to the counter array
      counter[0] = 0;
      counter[1] = 1;
      counter[2] = 2;

      System.out.println("Counter: " + counter[0] + " " + counter[1] + " " + counter[2] + "\n");

      for (int x=0; x < names.length; x++)   // Use the length variable to get number of elements
      {
         System.out.println("Name: " + names[x]);
      }
   } // END MAIN
}

Note: arrays have a length variable that contains the number of elements.

public class varTest {
   public static void main(String[] args) {

      test t1 = new test();
      t1.testMethod();
   }
}

class test {
   int instance_variable;         // OK not to initialize this as it will get the default value 0

   // Test constructor
   test() {
      System.out.println("instance_variable is " + instance_variable);
   }

   void test() {
      int method_variable;        // Must initialize this variable otherwise the compiler will complain.
      System.out.println("method_count: " + method_count);
   }
}

Note: when you try to compile this, the compiler will error stating that method_count might not have been initialized, remember that you should initialize memember variables

public class commandLine {
   public static void main (String args[] ) {

     System.out.println("You passed " + args.length + " arguments");

     for(int i = 0; i < args.length; i++)
        System.out.println(args[i]);
   }
}

# Run the command line
c:\> java testCommandLine one two three

Note: arrays args is just like any other array.